Getting Things Done (GTD) is probably the most widely known productivity and time management technique today. David Allen's book on the topic has sold over 2 million copies and been translated into over 25 languages. GTD can be used with a variety of systems, from simple paper to avanced todo list apps, but is very well-structured, making it an especially good fit for computer scientists and engineers. I am using the OmniFocus app for GTD.
Allen's book is available in our library in English and German, although I recommend getting the (e)book yourself. Make sure to get the current edition (published 2015 or later). See our internal pages for more information.